ULFI FAIZAH. The
Characteristic of Mitochondrion DNA Genetic Marker as Sumatran Tiger Genetic
Conservation Reference. Under direction of DEDY DURYADI SOLIHIN and LIGAYA ITA
TUMBELAKA
Sumatran tiger (Panthera
tigris sumatrae) now is decreasing and threatened for extinction.
Therefore, the conservation effort must be done, including genetic
conservation. Cytochrome b (Cyt. b) and D-loop at DNA mitochondrial have been
used a lot to learn genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship. The aims
of this research are (1) to analyze genetic diversity based on genetic marker
with partial Cyt. b region and HVS-I of D-loop region from Sumatran tiger; and
(2) to determine Sumatran tiger phylogeny between individual and between tigers
subspecies in the world. Amplification with PCR method in whole Cyt. b region
used primers UF-05 and UF-07 (1299 bp), partial Cyt. b used primer UF-06 and
UF-07 (675 bp), HVS-I of D-Loop used primer UF-03 and UF-04 (567 bp). Next, all
PCR products sequenced. Data analyzed by MEGA-IV software using multiple
alignments with other tigers sequence from GenBank. Phylogeny reconstruction
analyzed by Neighbor-Joining method with 1000 bootstrapped. The result are (1)
Based on partial Cyt b genetic marker, there are two specific nucleotide sites
on Sumatran tiger (sites 118 (G) and 369 (A)), and one specific amino acid site
(site 40 (V)). Based on HVS-I of D-Loop genetic marker there are 12 specific
nucleotide sites (sites 24 (G), 74 (A), 76 (A), 88 (C), 179 (C) 302 (G), 318
(T), 393 (T), 406 (G) 417 (A), 430 (A), 488 (G)). From this research, Cyt b
genetic marker is suitable to differentiate between subspecies of tiger while
HVS-I of D-loop is suitable to differentiate between subspecies and individual;
(2) Based on HVS-I of D-loop genetic marker shows that the phylogeny of
Sumatran tiger from Jambi has close relation with ones from Riau. In
additional, both are closer with Sumatran tiger from Medan rather than the ones
from Bengkulu. Compared to other tiger subspecies in the world, The Sumatran
tiger has the closest relation with the Indian tiger and the farthest relation
with the South Chinese tiger.
Keywords: Sumatran tiger,
genetic conservation, Cyt. b, D-loop
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